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Article

Hammondia hammondi, an avirulent relative of Toxoplasma gondii, has functional orthologs of known T. gondii virulence genes.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - 30 Apr 2013

Walzer Katelyn A, Adomako-Ankomah Yaw, Dam Rachel A, Herrmann Daland C, Schares Gereon, Dubey Jitender P, Boyle Jon P

Abstract excerpt

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite capable of infecting all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Its closest extant relative, Hammondia hammondi, has never been found to infect humans and, in contrast to T. gondii, is highly attenuated in mice. To better understand the genetic bases for these phenotypic differences, we sequenced the genome of a H. hammondi isolate (HhCatGer041) and found the...

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Identifiers

PMID: 23589877
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1304322110
PMCID: PMC3645575

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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