Confirmation of combinational effects of calcium with other metals in a paper recycling mill effluent on nematode lifespan with toxicity identification evaluation method.

Abstract excerpt

We used toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) method to confirm the combinational effects of identified toxic metals in a paper recycling mill effluent in inducing the decreased lifespan in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Exposure to Ca + Al caused more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Al; and exposure to Ca + Fe induced more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Fe....

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