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Article

The Hemimelic extra toes mouse mutant: Historical perspective on unraveling mechanisms of dysmorphogenesis.

Birth defects research. Part C, Embryo today : reviews - 1 Jun 2010

Knudsen Thomas B, Kochhar Devendra M

Abstract excerpt

Hemimelic extra toes (Hx) arose spontaneously as a dominant mutation in B10.D2/nSnJ mice in 1967. It specifically affects the appendicular skeleton, causing variable foreshortening of the tibia (radius) and preaxial polydactylism. Early anatomical studies revealed anterior overgrowth of the autopod, with decreased apoptosis and increased mitosis in the anterior apical ectodermal ridge and underlying mesenchyme;...

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 20544697
DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20181

Genes

FGF4

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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