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Article

Interplay between PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism and cow's milk formula exposure in type 1 diabetes.

Journal of autoimmunity - 1 Sept 2009

Lempainen Johanna, Vaarala Outi, Mäkelä Miia, Veijola Riitta, Simell Olli, Knip Mikael, Hermann Robert, Ilonen Jorma

Abstract excerpt

Genetic heterogeneity may affect the analysis of risk factors associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We studied the effect of the INS -23A/T, PTPN22 1858C/T, and CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphisms on the emergence of T1D-associated autoimmunity in children exposed to cow's milk (CM) based formula during early or late infancy. The study comprised of 156 children from the Finnish DIPP cohort who had developed >or= 2 types...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy Delete account & data About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 19473815
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.04.003

Genes

PTPN22
INS

Variants

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

Related research

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