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Article

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: version III--the final common pathway.

Schizophrenia bulletin - 1 May 2009

Howes Oliver D, Kapur Shitij

Abstract excerpt

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia has been one of the most enduring ideas in psychiatry. Initially, the emphasis was on a role of hyperdopaminergia in the etiology of schizophrenia (version I), but it was subsequently reconceptualized to specify subcortical hyperdopaminergia with prefrontal hypodopaminergia (version II). However, these hypotheses focused too narrowly on dopamine itself, conflated psychosis...

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Identifiers

PMID: 19325164
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbp006
PMCID: PMC2669582

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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