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Article

Adaptive evolution of 5'HoxD genes in the origin and diversification of the cetacean flipper.

Molecular biology and evolution - 1 Mar 2009

Wang Zhe, Yuan Lihong, Rossiter Stephen J, Zuo Xueguo, Ru Binghua, Zhong Hui, Han Naijian, Jones Gareth, Jepson Paul D, Zhang Shuyi

Abstract excerpt

The homeobox (Hox) genes Hoxd12 and Hoxd13 control digit patterning and limb formation in tetrapods. Both show strong expression in the limb bud during embryonic development, are highly conserved across vertebrates, and show mutations that are associated with carpal, metacarpal, and phalangeal deformities. The most dramatic evolutionary reorganization of the mammalian limb has occurred in cetaceans (whales,...

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PMID: 19074008
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msn282

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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