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Article

Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960.

Nature - 2 Oct 2008

Worobey Michael, Gemmel Marlea, Teuwen Dirk E, Haselkorn Tamara, Kunstman Kevin, Bunce Michael, Muyembe Jean-Jacques, Kabongo Jean-Marie M, Kalengayi Raphaël M, Van Marck Eric, Gilbert M Thomas P, Wolinsky Steven M

Abstract excerpt

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences that pre-date the recognition of AIDS are critical to defining the time of origin and the timescale of virus evolution. A viral sequence from 1959 (ZR59) is the oldest known HIV-1 infection. Other historically documented sequences, important calibration points to convert evolutionary distance into time, are lacking, however; ZR59 is the only one sampled before...

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Identifiers

PMID: 18833279
DOI: 10.1038/nature07390
PMCID: PMC3682493

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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