Methods of in vitro macrophage maturation confer variable inflammatory responses in association with altered expression of cell surface dectin-1.

Abstract excerpt

Macrophage differentiation and polarization occur in vivo under the influence of the localized cytokine milieu. In vitro studies frequently rely on cellular differentiation in culture; hence, unrecognized variables could have a large influence on the observed cellular phenotype. We measured macrophage in vitro responses to fungal ligands (Aspergillus germ tubes and zymosan), focusing on the degree to which...

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