Article
Nicotine dependence, depression, and gender: characterizing phenotypes based on withdrawal discomfort, response to smoking, and ability to abstain.
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco - 1 Feb 2005
Pomerleau Ovide F, Pomerleau Cynthia S, Mehringer Ann M, Snedecor Sandy M, Ninowski Raphaela, Sen Ananda
Abstract excerpt
Smoking is often viewed as a comprehensive phenotype rather than a complex set of traits involving intermediate phenotypes. To explore this issue in a laboratory setting, we tested 69 smokers stratified on depression, nicotine dependence, and gender. On the third day of an initial withdrawal period, we tested for differences among participants in uncued and cued craving and withdrawal; on the fourth day, we...
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