Dopamine and opioid gene variants are associated with increased smoking reward and reinforcement owing to negative mood.

Abstract excerpt

Negative mood increases smoking reinforcement and risk of relapse. We explored associations of gene variants in the dopamine, opioid, and serotonin pathways with smoking reward ('liking') and reinforcement (latency to first puff and total puffs) as a function of negative mood and expected versus actual nicotine content of the cigarette. Smokers of European ancestry (n=72) were randomized to one of four groups in...

Topics

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• Affect
• Nicotine
• Receptors, Dopamine D3
• Receptors, Opioid, mu
• Reinforcement, Psychology