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Article

Unravelling the genetic complexity of autoimmune thyroid disease: HLA, CTLA-4 and beyond.

Clinical and experimental immunology - 1 Apr 2004

Simmonds M J, Gough S C L

Abstract excerpt

The autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) including Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune hypothyroidism (AIH) are the commonest of the autoimmune conditions affecting 2-5% of the western population. Twin studies have clearly demonstrated that AITDs are caused by a combination of both environmental and genetic factors. Association of the HLA class II region with AITD has been documented for over 20 years now, but the...

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Identifiers

PMID: 15030506
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02424.x
PMCID: PMC1808990

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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