Article
Upregulation of costimulatory molecules induced by lipopolysaccharide and double-stranded RNA occurs by Trif-dependent and Trif-independent pathways.
Nature immunology - 1 Dec 2003
Hoebe Kasper, Janssen Edith M, Kim Sung O, Alexopoulou Lena, Flavell Richard A, Han Jiahuai, Beutler Bruce
Abstract excerpt
Both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) are adjuvants for the adaptive immune response, inducing upregulation of costimulatory molecules (UCM) on antigen-presenting cells. Trif, an adapter protein that transduces signals from Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR3, permits the induction of many cytokines, including interferon-beta, which signals through the type I interferon receptor. We show...
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