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Article

Toxin-induced resistance in Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin-treated macrophages.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - 14 Oct 2003

Salles Isabelle I, Tucker Amy E, Voth Daniel E, Ballard Jimmy D

Abstract excerpt

In the current study, we show that macrophages adaptively resist anthrax lethal toxin (LT) through a toxin-activated process termed toxin-induced resistance (TIR). TIR was triggered by pretreatment of RAW 264.7 or J774A.1 macrophages with a low dose of LT for at least 6 h, which resulted in resistance to high doses of LT for 96 h. Activation of TIR required functional toxin, because LT subunits, mutants, and...

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Identifiers

PMID: 14519843
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2134042100
PMCID: PMC218774

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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