Precise microdissection of human bladder carcinomas reveals divergent tumor subclones in the same tumor

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Human bladder carcinoma is thought to arise from a field change that affects the entire urothelium. Whether independently transformed urothelial cell populations exist in the same patient is uncertain. METHODS: We studied the clonality of urinary bladder carcinoma in 18 female patients who underwent cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma. None had multiple tumors. Tumor samples were obtained from...

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