Elevated Tumor Necrosis Factor–α Activation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C in Southern Africa Is Associated with an NF‐κB Enhancer Gain‐of‐Function

Abstract excerpt

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic within southern Africa is predominantly associated with the HIV-1C subtype. Functional analysis of the enhancer region within the long terminal repeat (LTR) indicates that HIV-1C isolates have >/=3 NF-kappaB binding sites, unlike other subtypes, which have only 1 or 2 sites. A correlation was shown between NF-kappaB enhancer configuration and responsiveness...

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