Article

The Double Minority Penalty? Ethnicity, Sect and the Criminalisation of Border Livelihoods in Iran

2026-07-25

Abstract excerpt

<title>Abstract</title> <p>Research on racial and ethnic disparities in crime and punishment concentrates on western democracies, where the institutional sources of exclusion must usually be inferred from outcomes. This paper extends the political economy of race and crime to a case in which part of the exclusionary architecture is written directly into constitutional text. It examines Iran's Kurdish borderlands,...

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Literature Corpus work: ff5ef12a-20ff-59bd-bf10-e5017786c78c
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-10340140/v1

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