Article

Sacred Dependency: Madrasa Networks as Institutionalized Poverty Traps in Pakistan’s Political Economy

2026-06-02

Abstract excerpt

Pakistan’s approximately 36,000 to 43,000 registered religious seminaries enroll an estimated 3.5 to 4.6 million students annually, yet their internal economic architecture remains a critically understudied dimension of the country’s developmental crisis. This paper argues that a significant segment of Pakistan’s madrasa network has undergone a structural transformation evolving from an institution of religious fo...

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Ethics in Clinical Research

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Literature Corpus work: b0483a04-c5a9-515b-9f20-9e3c568d9dd0
DOI: 10.20944/preprints202606.0113.v1

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