Article

A Survey of Large Language Models: Evolution, Architectures, Adaptation, Benchmarking, Applications, Challenges, and Societal Implications

2025-08-11

Abstract excerpt

This survey offers an in-depth review of Large Language Models (LLMs), highlighting the significant paradigm shift they represent in artificial intelligence. Our purpose is to consolidate state-of-the-art advances in LLM design, training, adaptation, evaluation, and application for both researchers and practitioners. To accomplish this, we trace the evolution of language models and describe core approaches, includ...

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Literature Corpus work: ff1bb920-15c4-559d-a291-2de59d23db50
DOI: 10.20944/preprints202508.0744.v1

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