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How Far Have Large Language Models Advanced in Ophthalmology? A Systematic Review of Their Development, Evaluation, and Readiness for Clinical Use

2026-06-09

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<title>Abstract</title> <p>Large language models (LLMs) have shown growing potential in ophthalmology, with reported applications in patient care, clinical documentation, and medical education. Recent studies span a wide range of use cases---from early text-only applications to emerging multimodal systems that integrate ophthalmic images to support diagnosis and generate assessment and treatment plans. Amid this...

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Literature Corpus work: e13dcec0-81e7-58b2-b4ce-36667fe25b63
DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8819770/v2

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