Article

Open-source DeepSeek-R1 Outperforms Proprietary Non-Reasoning Large Language Models With and Without Retrieval-Augmented Generation

2025-09-14

Abstract excerpt

<h4>Objective</h4> To compare reasoning large language models (LLMs) vs. non-reasoning LLMs and open-source DeepSeek models vs. proprietary LLMs in answering ophthalmology board-style questions. To quantify the impact of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). <h4>Design</h4> Cross-sectional evaluation of LLM performance before and after RAG integration. <h4>Subjects</h4> Seven LLMs: Gemini 1.5 Pro, Gemini 2.0 Fl...

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Literature Corpus work: c290d88c-0c28-5930-b70b-032c9e2543d4
DOI: 10.1101/2025.09.12.25334809

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