Article

On the nature of evidence and 'proving' causality: smoking and lung cancer vs. sun exposure, vitamin D and multiple sclerosis

2018-06-29

Abstract excerpt

If environmental exposures are shown to cause an adverse health outcome, reducing exposure should reduce the disease risk. Links between exposures and outcomes are typically based on ‘associations’ derived from observational studies, and causality may not be clear. Randomised controlled trials to ‘prove’ causality are often not feasible or ethical. Here the history of evidence that tobacco smoking causes lung canc...

Topics

Open a Topic to create a Post that cites this publication.

Identifiers and source

Literature Corpus work: 39df6485-dc6d-5389-877e-1696128417bb
DOI: 10.20944/preprints201806.0491.v1

Open publication

Related research

Semantic proximity does not establish scientific evidence.

Click a neighbor to travelStep 1 · 12 closest

On the nature of evidence and 'proving' causality: smoking and lung cancer vs. sun exposure, vitamin D and multiple sclerosisDOI 10.20944/preprints201806.0491.v1Read

Multiple sclerosis and vitamin D: don't (yet) blame it on the sunshine.Semantic proximity Read

Smoking and multiple sclerosis susceptibility.Semantic proximity Read

Environmental factors in multiple sclerosis: Epstein-Barr virus, vitamin D, and cigarette smoking.Semantic proximity Read

Lifestyle and Environmental Factors in Multiple Sclerosis.Semantic proximity Read

Low sun exposure increases multiple sclerosis risk both directly and indirectly.Semantic proximity Read

Correlation Between Smoking and Passive Smoking with Multiple Sclerosis and the Underlying Molecular MechanismsSemantic proximity Read

Cancer risk among patients with multiple sclerosis and their parents.Semantic proximity Read

Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: An updateSemantic proximity Read

Increased prevalence of multiple sclerosis among COPD patients and their first-degree relatives: a population-based study.Semantic proximity Read

MS Sunshine Study: Sun Exposure But Not Vitamin D Is Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Risk in Blacks and Hispanics.Semantic proximity Read

Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis.Semantic proximity Read

Illuminating vitamin D effects on B cells – the multiple sclerosis perspectiveSemantic proximity Read