Article
Machine Learning-Based Cytokine Endotyping of Thyroid Eye Disease.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science - 3 Aug 2026
Jing Gaojing, Wu Xiaoyin, Huang Zhenxia, Tang Jiaqi, Ao Youhan, Yang Xinji, Ma Rui, Tang Xulei, Wu Wei, Fu Songbo
Abstract excerpt
Purpose: Thyroid eye disease (TED) exhibits profound phenotypic heterogeneity that conventional binary thyrotropin receptor antibody fails to capture. We aimed to deconstruct this heterogeneity by establishing a cytokine-derived molecular taxonomy. Methods: We profiled 102 plasma cytokines in 101 TED patients using a Luminex assay. Integrative machine learning identified key cytokine signatures. Unsupervised...
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