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Ophthalmic Immune-Related Adverse Events in Cancer Immunotherapy: Tissue-Specific Mechanisms, Clinical Phenotypes, and Consensus-Based Management.

International journal of molecular sciences - 1 Jul 2026

Zong Yuan, Yang Mingming, Zhang Jing, Zou Yaru, Ye Zizhen, Deng Jiaxin, Gu Wendong, Ohno-Matsui Kyoko, Kamoi Koju

Abstract excerpt

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer therapy by restoring anti-tumor immunity, but immune activation can disrupt ocular immune homeostasis and induce ophthalmic immune-related adverse events (OirAEs). Although uncommon, OirAEs may involve nearly all ocular compartments and can cause irreversible visual impairment or interruption of effective anticancer therapy. The 2025 international...

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Eye
Eye Diseases
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Immunotherapy
Neoplasms

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PMID: 42450211
DOI: 10.3390/ijms27135944
PMCID: PMC13361132

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