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Article

Alignment-free prediction of cross-reactivity in influenza A (H3N2) anticipates antigenic drift.

PLoS computational biology - 1 Aug 2026

Forna Alpha, Damodaran Lambodhar, Gunning Christian E, Rahimi Parnian, Venkat Aarya, Kannan Natarajan, Kondor Rebecca, Bahl Justin, Rohani Pejman, Drake John M

Abstract excerpt

Since its introduction in 1968, Influenza A (H3N2) has undergone continuous antigenic evolution, necessitating frequent vaccine updates. To predict antigenicity and characterize antigenic drift without multiple sequence alignments, we present FluEmbed, a computational framework that leverages protein language models. FluEmbed accurately quantified the antigenic impact of viral evolution from RNA sequences,...

Topics

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Antigens, Viral
Computational Biology
Cross Reactions
Evolution, Molecular
Genetic Drift

Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype

Influenza, Human

Sequence Alignment

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Open in PubMed Open full text

Identifiers

PMID: 42579720
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014628
PMCID: PMC13497264

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 1 Sept 2026.

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