Association Between Polymorphisms in Genes Encoding PD-1/PD-L1 Molecules and Clinicopathological Features in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Abstract excerpt

The PD-1/PD-L1 axis is crucial for immune regulation and homeostasis, but cancer cells can exploit this pathway to evade immune surveillance. PD-1, a key immune checkpoint receptor, interacts with its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 to modulate immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PDCD1 and CD274 genes, encoding PD-1 and PD-L1, are...

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