Genetic insights into bovine spastic syndrome (Crampy) in Holstein dairy cattle.

Abstract excerpt

Bovine spastic syndrome, known as Crampy, is a neuromuscular disorder in cattle. Affected cattle, 2 yr or older, suffer from involuntary muscle spasms in their hind limbs, leading to discomfort and reduced mobility. This often results in early culling from the herd, causing substantial financial loss for producers. Given the welfare implications and economic burden associated with Crampy, it is crucial to...

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