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Cytotoxic CD4⁺ T cells exhibit an immunosuppressive shift in checkpoint immunotherapy resistance in melanoma patients

4 Sept 2025

Abstract excerpt

Although checkpoint immunotherapy has primarily focused on CD8⁺ T cells, emerging evidence highlights an important role for cytotoxic CD4⁺ T cells in mediating therapeutic responses. However, research on the functional properties of cytotoxic CD4⁺ T cells in the context of immunotherapy is still at an early stage and remains insufficiently defined. Utilizing single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets obtained from...

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Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
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Immune Cell Function and Interaction

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PMID: 40906211
DOI: 10.1007/s00262-025-04145-6

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