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Patterns, variability, and predictors of p-phenylenediamine quinones and parent p-phenylenediamines in pregnant women across three trimesters

18 Aug 2025

Abstract excerpt

p-Phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-Qs), oxidative derivatives of rubber antioxidant p-phenylenediamines (PPDs), have garnered increasing concern due to their environmental ubiquity and toxicity. However, evidence regarding the exposure assessment of these emerging contaminants in humans, especially pregnant women, remains limited. Herein, we measured the levels of six PPD-Qs and their parent six PPDs in 1,278 urine...

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Identifiers

PMID: 40845406
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109729

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 5 Sept 2026.

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