Article
Physiologic Phenotyping of Responses to Exercise and Activity in Heart Failure.
Circulation research - 7 Jul 2025
Lewis Gregory D, Tada Atsushi, Landsteiner Isabela, Borlaug Barry A
Abstract excerpt
Subjective and objective limitations to exercise and activity are hallmarks of heart failure (HF), regardless of underlying ejection fraction (EF). These limitations relate to cardiovascular abnormalities involving the systolic and diastolic properties of the heart, venous, and arterial vasculature, as well as noncardiovascular abnormalities, including impairments in pulmonary function, autonomic regulation,...
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