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Macrophage Polarization in Heterotopic Ossification: Inflammation, Osteogenesis, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets

17 Jun 2025

Abstract excerpt

Heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to an abnormal process characterized by the aberrant development of bone within soft tissues, leading to significant impairments in patients' mobility and overall quality of life. Macrophages, as a crucial element of the immune system, are instrumental in the different stages of heterotopic ossification through their dynamic polarization state (pro-inflammatory M1 and...

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Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
Heterotopic Ossification and Related Conditions
Medical Imaging and Pathology Studies

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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PMID: 40565283
DOI: 10.3390/ijms26125821

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