Article
Glucose, glutamine, lactic acid and α‑ketoglutarate restore metabolic disturbances and atrophic changes in energy‑deprived muscle cells
12 May 2025
Abstract excerpt
Skeletal muscle atrophy is often triggered by catabolic conditions such as fasting, malnutrition and chronic diseases; however, the efficacy of nutritional supplementation in maintaining muscle mass and preventing muscle atrophy remains controversial. The present study aimed to compare the inhibitory effects of various nutritional substrates on starvation‑induced catabolic changes and muscle cell atrophy. C2C12...
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