Embryological cellular origins and hypoxia-mediated mechanisms in PIK3CA-driven refractory vascular malformations

Abstract excerpt

Abstract Congenital vascular malformations, affecting 0.5% of the population, often occur in the head and neck, complicating treatment due to the critical functions in these regions. Our previous research identified distinct developmental origins for blood and lymphatic vessels in these areas, tracing them to the cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM), which contributes to the development of the head, neck, and...

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