Tracing the Evolution of Sex Hormones and Receptor‐Mediated Immune Microenvironmental Differences in Prostate and Bladder Cancers: From Embryonic Development to Disease

Abstract excerpt

The bladder and prostate originate from the urogenital sinus. However, bladder cancer (BC) is usually classified as an immune "hot" tumor, whereas prostate cancer (PCa) is deemed as an immune "cold" tumor according to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and clinical outcomes. To investigate the immune differences between BC and PCa, studies are compared focusing on immune regulation mediated by sex hormones and...

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