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An Association between Bilirubin and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Effect Modification by Nrf2 Polymorphisms.

Current diabetes reviews - 1 Jan 2026

Fan Qiwei, Feng Shanshan, Chen Jianrong, Zhang Yan, Xu Jixiong, Wang Jiancheng

Abstract excerpt

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a persistent microvascular complication associated with diabetes, and it constitutes a significant cause of visual impairment and blindness. AIMS: This study aimed to assess the correlation between serum bilirubin levels and the prevalence of DR in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, we sought to establish whether the polymorphisms of...

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PMID: 39620335
DOI: 10.2174/0115733998327164240923070313

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