Article
Causal associations between type 1 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study
2 Sept 2023
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND: The presence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been demonstrated to pose an increased risk for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationships between T1DM and CVDs remain unclear due to the uncontrolled confounding factors and reverse causation bias of the observational studies. METHODS: Summary statistics of T1DM and seven CVDs from the largest available genome-wide...