Article
Gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis of common craniofacial anomalies.
Current topics in developmental biology - 1 Jan 2023
Fitriasari Sharien, Trainor Paul A
Abstract excerpt
Craniofacial anomalies often exhibit phenotype variability and non-mendelian inheritance due to their multifactorial origin, involving both genetic and environmental factors. A combination of epidemiologic studies, genome-wide association, and analysis of animal models have provided insight into the effects of gene-environment interactions on craniofacial and brain development and the pathogenesis of congenital...
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