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Article

Evaluation of immune status in testis and macrophage polarization associated with testicular damage in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia.

American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) - 1 Nov 2021

Zheng Wenzhong, Zhang Shiqiang, Jiang Shaoqin, Huang Zhangcheng, Chen Xiaobao, Guo Huan, Li Mengqiang, Zheng Song

Abstract excerpt

OBJECTIVE: Immune cells residing in the testicular interstitial space form the immunological microenvironment of the testis. They are assumed to play a role in maintaining testicular homeostasis and immune privilege. However, the immune status and related cell polarization in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) remains poorly characterized. System evaluation of the testis immunological microenvironment...

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Source

Identifiers

PMID: 34192390
DOI: 10.1111/aji.13481

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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