Article
High Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) in Chronically Prescribed Severe Chronic Opioid Probands Attending Multi-pain Clinics: an Open Clinical Pilot Trial.
Molecular neurobiology - 1 Jul 2021
Moran Mark, Blum Kenneth, Ponce Jessica Valdez, Lott Lisa, Gondré-Lewis Marjorie C, Badgaiyan Sampada, Brewer Raymond, Downs B William, Fynman Philip, Weingarten Alexander, Cadet Jean Lud, Smith David E, Baron David, Thanos Panayotis K, Modestino Edward J, Badgaiyan Rajendra D, Elman Igor, Gold Mark S
Abstract excerpt
Millions of Americans experience pain daily. In 2017, opioid overdose claimed 64,000 lives increasing to 84,000 lives in 2020, resulting in a decrease in national life expectancy. Chronic opioid use results in dependency, drug tolerance, neuroadaptation, hyperalgesia, potential addictive behaviors, or Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) caused by a hypodopaminergia. Evaluation of pain clinic patients with the...
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