Understanding embryonic development for cell‐based therapies of intervertebral disc degeneration: Toward an effort to treat disc degeneration subphenotypes

Abstract excerpt

Chronic low back and neck pain are associated with intervertebral disc degeneration and are major contributors to the global burden of disability. New evidence now suggests that disc degeneration comprises a spectrum of subphenotypes influenced by genetic background, age, and environmental factors, which may be contributing to the mixed outcomes seen in clinical trials of cell-based therapies that aim to treat...

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