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Article

Dorsal spine evolution in threespine sticklebacks via a splicing change in MSX2A.

BMC biology - 7 Dec 2017

Howes Timothy R, Summers Brian R, Kingsley David M

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Dorsal spine reduction in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a classic example of recurrent skeletal evolution in nature. Sticklebacks in marine environments typically have long spines that form part of their skeletal armor. Many derived freshwater populations have evolved shorter spines. Changes in spine length are controlled in part by a quantitative trait locus (QTL) previously...

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Identifiers

PMID: 29212540
DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0456-5
PMCID: PMC5719529

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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