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Article

Longer or shorter spines: Reciprocal trait evolution in stickleback via triallelic regulatory changes in Stanniocalcin2a.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - 3 Aug 2021

Roberts Kingman Garrett A, Lee David, Jones Felicity C, Desmet Danielle, Bell Michael A, Kingsley David M

Abstract excerpt

Vertebrates have repeatedly modified skeletal structures to adapt to their environments. The threespine stickleback is an excellent system for studying skeletal modifications, as different wild populations have either increased or decreased the lengths of their prominent dorsal and pelvic spines in different freshwater environments. Here we identify a regulatory locus that has a major morphological effect on the...

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Identifiers

PMID: 34321354
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100694118
PMCID: PMC8346906

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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