Article
Phenotype- and genotype-specific structural alterations in spasmodic dysphonia.
Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society - 1 Apr 2017
Bianchi Serena, Battistella Giovanni, Huddleston Hailey, Scharf Rebecca, Fleysher Lazar, Rumbach Anna F, Frucht Steven J, Blitzer Andrew, Ozelius Laurie J, Simonyan Kristina
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND: Spasmodic dysphonia is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary spasms in the laryngeal muscles that occur selectively during speaking. Although hereditary trends have been reported in up to 16% of patients, the causative etiology of spasmodic dysphonia is unclear, and the influences of various phenotypes and genotypes on disorder pathophysiology are poorly understood. In this study, we examined...
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