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Article

Genetic analyses benefit from using less heterogeneous phenotypes: an illustration with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS).

Genetic epidemiology - 1 May 2015

Laurin Charles A, Hottenga Jouke-Jan, Willemsen Gonneke, Boomsma Dorret I, Lubke Gitta H

Abstract excerpt

Phenotypic heterogeneity of depression has been cited as one of the causes of the limited success to detect genetic variants in genome-wide studies. The 7-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) was developed to detect depression in individuals with physical health problems. An initial psychometric analysis showed that a short version ("HADS-4") is less heterogeneous and hence more reliable than the...

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Identifiers

PMID: 25832296
DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21897
PMCID: PMC4406831

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 5 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-05.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 5 Sept 2026.

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