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Article

Historical and current perspectives on Clostridium botulinum diversity.

Research in microbiology - 1 May 2015

Smith Theresa J, Hill Karen K, Raphael Brian H

Abstract excerpt

For nearly one hundred years, researchers have attempted to categorize botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia and the toxins that they produce according to biochemical characterizations, serological comparisons, and genetic analyses. Throughout this period the bacteria and their toxins have defied such attempts at categorization. Below is a description of both historic and current Clostridium botulinum strain...

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Identifiers

PMID: 25312020
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.09.007
PMCID: PMC11302483

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PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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