Article
Differential regulation of TGF-β–induced, ALK-5–mediated VEGF release by SMAD2/3 versus SMAD1/5/8 signaling in glioblastoma
27 Aug 2014
Abstract excerpt
BACKGROUND: The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways have a major role in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma, notably immunosuppression, migration, and angiogenesis, but their interactions have remained poorly understood. METHODS: We characterized TGF-β pathway activity in 9 long-term glioma cell lines (LTCs) and 4 glioma-initiating cell lines (GICs) in relation...
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