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Article

Macrophage polarization in the maculae of age-related macular degeneration: a pilot study.

Pathology international - 1 Sept 2011

Cao Xiaoguang, Shen Defen, Patel Mrinali M, Tuo Jingsheng, Johnson T Mark, Olsen Timothy W, Chan Chi-Chao

Abstract excerpt

Macrophages can be polarized to exhibit either pro-inflammatory M1 or pro-angiogenic M2 phenotypes, but have high phenotypic plasticity. This pilot study investigated macrophage polarization in the macular retina and choroid of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and non-AMD subjects, as well...

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Methodology Data sources Editorial policy Privacy About Contact Helena Bioinformatics

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Source

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Identifiers

PMID: 21884302
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02695.x
PMCID: PMC3292787

Genes

CCL22
CXCL11

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 4 Sept 2026. Prepared record publication-21884302-2026-09-04.2. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-04.2.

Source receipt: PubMed via Helena Literature Corpus, retrieved 4 Sept 2026.

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