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Article

Prenatal smoking might not cause attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: evidence from a novel design.

Biological psychiatry - 15 Oct 2009

Thapar Anita, Rice Frances, Hay Dale, Boivin Jacky, Langley Kate, van den Bree Marianne, Rutter Michael, Harold Gordon

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: It is widely considered that exposure to maternal cigarette smoking in pregnancy has risk effects on offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This view is supported by consistent observations of association. It is, however, impossible to be certain of adequate control for confounding factors with observational designs. We use a novel "natural experiment" design that separates...

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Source

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Identifiers

PMID: 19596120
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.05.032
PMCID: PMC2756407

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-08.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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