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Article

What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD?

Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines - 1 Jan 2013

Thapar Anita, Cooper Miriam, Eyre Olga, Langley Kate

Abstract excerpt

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its possible causes still attract controversy. Genes, pre and perinatal risks, psychosocial factors and environmental toxins have all been considered as potential risk factors. METHOD: This review (focussing on literature published since 1997, selected from a search of PubMed) critically considers putative risk factors with a focus on genetics and...

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Identifiers

PMID: 22963644
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x
PMCID: PMC3572580

Provenance

PubMed metadata and Literature Corpus relationships. Corpus snapshot updated 7 Sept 2026. Manifest publication-graph-cohort-2026-09-07.1.

Source receipt: pubmed, retrieved 7 Sept 2026.

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