Effects of the azole fungicide Imazalil on the development of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis (Chordata, Tunicata): morphological and molecular characterization of the induced phenotype.

Abstract excerpt

Imazalil (IMA) is a fungicide that is used extensively in fruit plantations and post-harvest treatments, but has teratogenic effects on vertebrate development, possibly due to the perturbation of retinoic acid (RA) levels in the embryo. Ascidians are sessile marine invertebrate chordates that dev...

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