Nodal expression and heterochrony in the evolution of dorsal-ventral and left-right axes formation in the direct-developing sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma.

Abstract excerpt

To understand the role of body axes in the evolution of larval form, we use the two sea urchins in the genus Heliocidaris, which have distinctly different larval morphologies. Heliocidaris tuberculata is an indirect-developing sea urchin, which forms a pluteus larva, whereas its sister species, Heliocidaris erythrogramma, exhibits direct development and forms a nonfeeding, ovoid larva. Changes along all three...

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